English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The reduction in global-mean precipitation when stratospheric aerosol geoengineering is used to counterbalance global warming from increasing carbon dioxide concentrations has been mainly attributed to the temperature-independent effect of carbon dioxide on atmospheric radiative cooling. We demonstrate here that stratospheric sulphate aerosol itself also acts to reduce global-mean precipitation independent of its effects on temperature. The temperature-independent effect of stratospheric aerosol geoenginering on global-mean precipitation is calculated by removing temperature-dependent effects from climate model simulations of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). When sulphate aerosol is injected into the stratosphere at a rate of 5 Tg SO2 per year the aerosol reduces global-mean precipitation by approximately 0.2 %, though multiple ensemble members are required to separate this effect from internal variability. For comparison, the precipitation reduction from the temperature-independent effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentrations under the RCP4.5 scenario of the future is approximately 0.5%. Thetemperature-independent effect of stratospheric sulphate aerosol arises from the aerosol's effect on tropospheric radiative cooling. Radiative transfer calculations show this is mainly due to increasing downward emission of infrared radiation by the aerosol, but there is also a contribution from the stratospheric warming the aerosol causes. Our results suggest climate model simulations of solar dimming can capture the main features of the global-mean precipitation response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)We thank Hugo Lambert and Mat Collins for useful\uddiscussions, and Ulrike Niemeier for extensive help\udwith data access. A Ferraro was supported by the\udNatural Environment Research Council PROBEC\udgrant (NE/K016016/1). H Griffiths was supported by\udthe Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council\udVacation Bursary Scheme. We thank all the climate\udmodelling groups for conducting the GeoMIP simulations\udand making their output available. We acknowledge\udthe World Climate Research Programme’s\udWorking Group on Coupled Modelling, which is\udresponsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate\udmodelling groups (listed in table 1 of this paper) for\udproducing and making available their model output.\udFor CMIP the US Department of Energy’s Program for\udClimate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides\udcoordinating support and led development of\udsoftware infrastructure in partnership with the Global\udOrganization for Earth System Science Portal

Quantifying the temperature-independent effect of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on global-mean precipitation in a multi-model ensemble