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The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) employs a triggersystem consisting of a first-level hardware trigger (L1) and a software-basedhigh-level trigger. The L1 muon trigger system selects muon candidates, assignsthem to the correct LHC bunch crossing and classifies them into one of sixtransverse-momentum threshold classes. The L1 muon trigger system usesresistive-plate chambers (RPCs) to generate the muon-induced trigger signals inthe central (barrel) region of the ATLAS detector. The ATLAS RPCs are arrangedin six concentric layers and operate in a toroidal magnetic field with abending power of 1.5 to 5.5 Tm. The RPC detector consists of about 3700 gasvolumes with a total surface area of more than 4000 m$^2$. This paper reportson the performance of the RPC detector and L1 muon barrel trigger using 60.8fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment in2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Detector and trigger performance arestudied using $Z$ boson decays into a muon pair. Measurements of the RPCdetector response, efficiency, and time resolution are reported. Measurementsof the L1 muon barrel trigger efficiencies and rates are presented, along withmeasurements of the properties of the selected sample of muon candidates.Measurements of the RPC currents, counting rates and mean avalanche charge areperformed using zero-bias collisions. Finally, RPC detector response andefficiency are studied at different high voltage and front-end discriminatorthreshold settings in order to extrapolate detector response to the higherluminosity expected for the High Luminosity LHC.

Performance of the ATLAS RPC detector and Level-1 muon barrel trigger at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV