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The MIP Timing Detector will provide additional timing capabilities fordetection of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) at CMS during the HighLuminosity LHC era, improving event reconstruction and pileup rejection. Thecentral portion of the detector, the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL), will beinstrumented with LYSO:Ce crystals and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)providing a time resolution of about 30 ps at the beginning of operation, anddegrading to 50-60 ps at the end of the detector lifetime as a result ofradiation damage. In this work, we present the results obtained using a 120 GeVproton beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility to measure the time resolutionof unirradiated sensors. A proof-of-concept of the sensor layout proposed forthe barrel region of the MTD, consisting of elongated crystal bars withdimensions of about 3 x 3 x 57 mm$^3$ and with double-ended SiPM readout, isdemonstrated. This design provides a robust time measurement independent of theimpact point of the MIP along the crystal bar. We tested LYSO:Ce bars ofdifferent thickness (2, 3, 4 mm) with a geometry close to the reference designand coupled to SiPMs manufactured by Hamamatsu and Fondazione Bruno Kessler.The various aspects influencing the timing performance such as the crystalthickness, properties of the SiPMs (e.g. photon detection efficiency), andimpact angle of the MIP are studied. A time resolution of about 28 ps ismeasured for MIPs crossing a 3 mm thick crystal bar, corresponding to an MPVenergy deposition of 2.6 MeV, and of 22 ps for the 4.2 MeV MPV energydeposition expected in the BTL, matching the detector performance target forunirradiated devices.

Test beam characterization of sensor prototypes for the CMS Barrel MIP Timing Detector