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A description is given of how the motion of particles within Nature’s Space-Time (NST) can be understood by observers using General Relativity (GR) and the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP). In this SMPP+GR scheme there will be a transformation matrix from NST to the flat space-time which an observer chooses to use, this transformation matrix will contain all the incomprehensibly intricate detail about NST. The observer can only comprehend a few useful simplifying concepts which will approximately describe the properties of the matrix. The approximations involved and those allied to simplifying the randomness due to multiple particles being involved in any observation make all these simplifying concepts artefacts of the modelling. Many of these artefacts are constructed in a way similar to the thermodynamic concepts temperature and pressure based on choosing most probable values from the random distributions to smooth out fluctuations but others are introduced as terms in a perturbation expansion around some approximate mathematical representation, examples here are the Coriolis, centrifugal and gravity forces. None of these artefacts are fundamental, at the fundamental level particles of the SMPP move freely between events in NST whatever charges they carry so no force fields exist in NST. Observers should avoid the practice common within mathematical physics of making conjectures to represent these artefacts which are then used to extend the discussion to invent new “fundamental” concepts. The description given supports the idea that the SMPP+GR model is not only necessary to describe observed natural phenomena but is also sufficient. Concepts outside the model such as Dark Energy and Inflation are artefacts which are not required.

Observers in a SMPP+GR model of reality: Are concepts fundamental or just artefacts of the modelling?