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During the construction of large-scale hydropower projects in deep mountain gorge areas of the Western China, the difficulties, such as uncontrollable large deformation, great deformation caused by small disturbance, are often encountered in the process of implementation. In particular, due to the limitation of topography, geological conditions and the layout of structures, the slope and dense tunnel group with large section need to be excavated simultaneously in the toppling rock mass. The feedback action mechanism between slope and tunnel excavation is complicated and the deformation control of toppling rock is difficult, which leads to great challenges to engineering construction. In MW hydropower project in west of China, the intake slope, the spillway channel slope, four headrace tunnels, and the sand flushing tunnel, as well as the construction traffic tunnel are arranged in Huishi Ridge on the left bank, where two high slopes and six lager cross-section tunnels are simultaneously excavated and the excavation rate in the toppling deformation rock mass is over 50%, moreover, the lateral coverage thickness of tunnel body is less than the diameter of the tunnel, which leads to the great difficulty of stability control. The excavation stability and safe of the thin mountain ridge is the vital issue to the success of the whole project. Based on the study of the physical and mechanical parameters of toppling rock mass of MW HPP, the mutual feedback mechanism of toppling slope and tunnel group is revealed, an excavation method involving horizontal partitioning, vertical layering, reserving rock plug and reasonable skipping warehouse is proposed. Monitoring results shows that the slope and surrounding rock of the tunnels are stable during the operation period. The research of this paper based on the MW HPP can provide reference for other similar projects.

Study on Mutual Feedback Mechanism and Stability Control of Toppling Slope and Tunnels with High Excavation Rate