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A high breakdown voltage silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor operated over a wide temperature range from 300 K to 10 K has been investigated. The measured Gummel characteristics illustrate that the collector current and base current both shift to the higher voltage as the temperature decreases. The f T /f max  are extracted to be 23/40 GHz at 300K, 28/40 GHz at 90 K, and 25/37GHz at 10K, respectively. The effective amplification range becomes narrow as the temperature decreases. And the ideality factor of base current in the low current region is shown to be temperature-dependent and its value is much larger than 2 at cryogenic temperatures. This phenomenon indicates that the base current is not only contributed by drift, diffusion, and Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, but also by trap-assisted tunneling. The Hurkx local trap-assisted tunneling has been used to analyze the non-ideal base transport mechanism. And a calibrated TCAD device model is developed to further verify this non-ideal transport mechanism.

Investigation of Base Transport Mechanism in Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Operating over Wide Temperature Range