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A WO 3 -B1VO 4  amorphous film grown on the (001) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate was annealed at 600 °C in air. The microstructures evolution was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. After annealed, the amorphous composite film crystalized into monoclinic BiVO 4  and orthorhombic WO 3 . B1VO 4  epitaxially grew on the YSZ, forming the matrix, where part of small irregular WO 3  grains were embedded in. Other large-sized sub-stoichiometric WO 3-6  (0&lt;δ&lt;3) grains with stacking faults lay on the film surface, which may contribute to the compressed strain of BiVO4 matrix vertically. Compared to the typical vertical heteroepitaxial nanocomposite of WO 3 -B1VO 4  film grown at 600 °C by pulsed laser deposition, in the annealed composite film, the vertical lattice mismatched strain at WO 3 /B1VO 4  interface decreased and lead to the disappearance of metastable hexagonal WO 3 .

Crystallization and phase separation of tungsten oxide-bismuth vanadate amorphous film by annealing in air