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The local environment of a city is different for urban area in the center and the surroundings rural. The urban area is 4 to 6 °c warmer than its surroundings rural. Due to changes in urban areas many processes are affected. Like solar radiation absorbed, the temperature of the surface, and the heat stored. The temperature of the land surface gives us important information concerning the physical properties of surface and climate because they plays a great role in many processes in the environment. Sensors in the thermal band onboard satellite can be used to obtain the temperature of the surface. The Surface temperature provides us a great way to monitor the urban environment, and also the activities of human. In this paper the surface temperature was estimated using Landsat satellite data in Iraq. First I extract radiance of the surface using the pixel values (DN) of image. Second the temperature of the surface is calculated from the surface radiance using ArcGIS 10.2. Map of temperature distribution was produced for the study area.

Estimation of surface temperature using landsat satellite images and geographic information systems for environmental studies in iraq