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Currently, there is a lack of standardized sampling and metric methods that can beapplied to measure the level of exposure to nanosized aerosols. Therefore, any attempt tocharacterize exposure to nanoparticles (NP) in a workplace must involve a multifacetedapproach characterized by different sampling and analytical techniques to measure all relevantcharacteristics of NP exposure. Furthermore, as NP aerosols are always complex mixtures ofmultiple origins, sampling and analytical methods need to be improved to selectively evaluatethe apportionment from specific sources to the final nanomaterials.An open question at the world’s level is how to relate specific toxic effects of NP with one ormore among several different parameters (such as particle size, mass, composition, surfacearea, number concentration, aggregation or agglomeration state, water solubility and surfacechemistry).As the evaluation of occupational exposure to NP in workplaces needs dimensional andchemical characterization, the main problem is the choice of the sampling and dimensionalseparation techniques. Therefore a convenient approach to allow a satisfactory risk assessmentcould be the contemporary use of different sampling and measuring techniques for particleswith known toxicity in selected workplaces.Despite the lack of specific NP exposure limit values, exposure metrics, appropriate tonanoaerosols, are discussed in the Technical Report ISO/TR 27628:2007 with the aim to enableoccupational hygienists to characterize and monitor nanoaerosols in workplaces. Moreover,NIOSH has developed the Document Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology (intended to be aninformation exchange with NIOSH) in order to address current and future research needs tounderstanding the potential risks that nanotechnology may have to workers

An overview of the characterization of occupational exposure to nanoaerosols in workplaces