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Radiotherapy plays an important role in cancer treatment; however, the incidence of radio-resistance remains become major challenges in cancer treatment. The presence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has become a clinical hallmark for cancer to relapse after radiation treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes and cell survival of EMT6 cell line post–gamma ray irradiation. The irradiation of EMT6 cells was conducted with two approaches, first, EMT6 cells were treated with single dose of gamma-ray ranging low to high dose of gamma-ray (0-16 Gy) and second, EMT6 cells were exposed to fractionated gamma-ray irradiation (2 Gy per cycle) where cells that survive the initial irradiation were further irradiated with 2 Gy dose. Results showed that there were morphological changes in treated cell compared to sham-control cells in both irradiation approaches which include loss of glandular pattern, vacuolated cell plasma, pleomorphic nuclei and enlarged size. For survival fraction, the survival fractions were reduced with increasing dose compared to the sham-control in single dose reaction while for the fractionated irradiation, survival fractions were reduced until 3 rd  cycles and increased in 4 th  cycles and maintained until 6 cycles which showed resistance of EMT6. In conclusion, radiation therapy causes cell morphological changes and fractionation of gamma-ray irradiation lead to resistance EMT6 after 4 cycles.

Study of morphological changes and survival fraction in EMT6 cell line post-gamma ray irradiation