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The study was conducted on the Bahar Al-Najaf lands - Iraq in 2016 within the coordinates between the (43º 47 − 11 =  - 44º 30 − 15 = ) E and (31º 39 − 16 =  - 32º 08 − 08 = ) N with an area about 2000 km 2 . 25 surface soil samples by a depth of 15cm were taken within study area, their locations are identified using GPS, They crushed and passed through 2mm sieve openings for some physicochemical analysis: soil grain size distribution, Ec, O.M, PH, gypsum and lime to demonstrate their effects on the reflective and absorptive properties of Landsat 8 sensors bands (OLI, TIRS) which captured on 20-07-2016 and downloaded from the USGS. To deduct study area we use ERDAS imagine 2013 choosing False color Composite RGB (753) with Some improvements (radiation, spectral, spatial) have been made. The laboratory analysis showed that the soils textures ranged between (sandy - clayey), (pH: 7.41-8.37), (OM: 0 - 6.5 g kg −1 ), (Ec: 1.73 - 177 dsm −1 ), (Gypsum: 2.67 52.83 g kg −1 ), (Lime: 13.83 - 620 g kg −1 ). All locations were highly calcareous, while varied in gypsum content. Spectral Indices values are calculated according to their mathematical formulas, namely BSI, GSI, TCW, NDWI. The gypsum content shows a negative relationship with sand particles, pH, lime, spectral indices and all of Landsat 8 bands except for B2, B3 were positive. While lime content shows positive relationship with all bands, indices and sand particles except for B2 band, NDWI index and the rest soil characteristics studied were negative. Calcareous soils and sandy soils have shown a high reflectivity, indicating the high influencing degree of the lime on the spectral bands comparing to the gypsum effect. A positive correlation relationship between brightness (bands reflectance) and Lime but negative with soil humidity and gypsum. As a negative correlation between Lime and gypsum. The values of the brightness indices BSI, GSI were adopted as indicators for the degree of reflectivity, while the values of absorptive indices TCW, NDWI were used to assess the moisture content and spectral bands absorption. The absorption depth (peak) of the short infrared bands SWI 1 , SWI 2  represented by (B6, B7) respectively were greater than the absorption depth of NIR (B5 band).

journal of physics. conference series

Studying the effect of some physicochemical properties of the Bahar Al-Najaf soils / IRAQ on the reflection and absorption characteristics of the Landast 8 bands (OLI, TIRS)