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The small GTPases Rac and Rho are known to regulate eukaryotic cell shape,promoting front protrusion (Rac) or rear retraction (Rho) of the cell edge.Such cell deformation changes the contact and adhesion of cell to theextracellular matrix (ECM), while ECM signaling through integrin receptors alsoaffects GTPase activity. We develop and investigate a model for this three-wayfeedback loop in 1D and 2D spatial domains, as well as in a fully deforming 2Dcell shape. The model consists of reaction-diffusion equations solvednumerically with open-source software, Morpheus, and with custom-built cellularPotts model simulations. We find a variety of patterns and cell behaviors,including persistent polarity, flipped front-back cell polarity oscillations,and random protrusion-retraction. We show that the observed spatial patternsdepend on the cell shape, and vice versa. The cell stiffness and biophysicalproperties also affect patterning, overall cell migration phenotypes.

Cellular tango: How extracellular matrix adhesion choreographs Rac-Rho signaling and cell movement