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In this work, we propose a composite pulses scheme by modulating phases toachieve high fidelity population transfer in three-level systems. To circumventthe obstacle that not enough variables are exploited to eliminate thesystematic errors in the transition probability, we put forward a cost functionto find the optimal value. The cost function is independently constructedeither in ensuring an accurate population of the target state, or insuppressing the population of the leakage state, or both of them. The resultsdemonstrate that population transfer is implemented with high fidelity evenwhen existing the deviations in the coupling coefficients. Furthermore, ourcomposite pulses scheme can be extensible to arbitrarily long pulse sequences.As an example, we employ the composite pulses sequence for achieving thethree-atom singlet state in an atom-cavity system with ultrahigh fidelity. Thefinal singlet state shows robustness against deviations and is not seriouslyaffected by waveform distortions. Also, the singlet state maintains a highfidelity under the decoherence environment.

Composite pulses for high fidelity population transfer in three-level systems