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Interplay between itinerant electrons and localized spins in itinerantmagnets gives rise to a variety of noncoplanar multiple-$Q$ spin textures, suchas the skyrmion, hedgehog, meron, and vortex. We elucidate that another type ofmultiple-$Q$ state consisting of collinear sinusoidal waves, a magnetic bubblecrystal, appears at finite temperatures in a centrosymmetric itinerant electronsystem. The results are obtained for the classical Kondo lattice model witheasy-axis single-ion anisotropy on a triangular lattice by a large-scalenumerical simulation. We find that a finite-temperature topological phasetransition between the skyrmion crystal and the bubble crystal occurs bychanging the temperature. We obtain the minimal key ingredients for inducingthe finite-temperature transition by analyzing an effective spin model where itis shown that the synergy between the multiple-spin interaction and magneticanisotropy plays a significant role.

Temperature-driven transition from skyrmion to bubble crystals in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets