English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Functional appliances mainly aim to improve a Class II retrognathic mandible by way of orthopedic effect. Many previous literature showed that functional appliances presented fewer short-term orthopedic effects due to several factors. Unfortunately, the current evidence is inadequate to explain the long-term effects from functional appliances; therefore, a long-term randomized clinical trial is recommended. This article reviewed five important contributing factors that diminished treatment results: 1) missing the predicted growth spurt, which is the interval between the predicted onset and the actual onset of the growth peak; 2) unhealthy sleeping habits with lower growth hormone release that leads to lower mandibular growth; 3) occlusal instability after mandibular protraction; 4) inability of the patient to hold the mandible forward; and 5) existing lip-biting habit that possibly causes relapse after treatment. Therefore, the strategic recommendations should be discussed with patients when formulating an orthodontic treatment plan to eliminate abnormal contributing factors to enhance effective functional appliance treatment outcomes.

Contributing factors causing fewer orthopedic effects from functional appliances