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The littoral zone is crucial in the aquatic ecosystem of lakes, and water depth is often insufficient when using the traditional zigzag echo-sounding method. This study evaluated the applicability of Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) photon data for lake water depth reconstruction on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The ICESat-2 photon effectively penetrated shallow water and showed the underwater topography clearly. The water depth at the 549 intersection points across the 33 lakes ranged from 0.4 to 19.25 m, with an average of 4.62 m, and the RMSE of water depths from the ICESat-2 data was 0.42 m comparing with 33 lakes with in situ bathymetric data. The ICESat-2 data since 2018 covered 1392 large lakes, and the total observation days for 677 lakes was &gt;20 days. Water transparency affects the accuracy of water depth reconstruction. This research suggests that ICESat-2 data has substantial potential for reconstructing lake water depth on the TP, which is useful for lake water storage estimation and water resource management.

Substantial potential of ICESat-2 photon-counting laser altimetry for reconstructing the lake water depth on the Tibetan Plateau