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Bradyrhizobium japonicum is the root nodule endosymbiont of soybean (Glycine max), mung bean (Vigna radiata), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum). We report the characteristics of a nodulation-gene region of B. japonicum that contributes only marginally to the bacterium's ability to nodulate soybean but is essential for the nodulation of the three alternative hosts. This DNA region consists of two open reading frames designated nodV and nodW. The predicted amino acid sequences of the NodV and NodW proteins suggest that they are members of the family of two-component regulatory systems, which supports the hypothesis that NodV responds to an environmental stimulus and, after signal transduction, NodW may be required to positively regulate the transcription of one or several unknown genes involved in the nodulation process. It seems likely that all host plants produce the necessary signal, whereas host specificity may be brought about by the product(s) of the gene(s) activated by NodW.

Proposed regulatory pathway encoded by the nodV and nodW genes, determinants of host specificity in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.