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With the advent of atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy(AR-TEM) achieving sub-{\AA}ngstrom image resolution and submillisecond timeresolution, an era of visual molecular science where chemists can visuallystudy the time evolution of molecular motions and reactions at atomisticprecision has arrived. However, the appearance of experimental TEM images oftendiffers greatly from that of conventional molecular models, and the images aredifficult to decipher unless we know in advance the structure of the specimenmolecules. The difference arises from the fundamental design of the molecularmodels that represent atomic connectivity and/or the electronic properties ofmolecules rather than the nuclear charge of atoms and electrostatic potentialsthat are felt by the e-beam in TEM imaging. We found a good correlation betweenthe atomic number (Z) and the atomic size seen in TEM images when we considershot noise in digital images. We propose here Z-correlated (ZC) atomic radiifor modeling AR-TEM images of single molecules and ultrathin crystals, withwhich we can develop a good estimate of the molecular structure from the TEMimage much more easily than with conventional molecular models. Two parametersets were developed for TEM images recorded under high-noise (ZCHN) andlow-noise (ZCLN) conditions. The new molecular models will stimulate theimaginations of chemists planning to use AR-TEM for their research.

Atomic-Number (Z)-Correlated Atomic Sizes for Deciphering Electron Microscopic Molecular Images