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Significance The paucity of monitoring data for seabird populations at suitable temporal and spatial scales challenges the development of realistic and effective conservation policies. We employ newly developed paleoenvironmental techniques at 10 key subarctic seaduck colonies to reconstruct broadscale population changes at decadal timescales through the 20th century. We show that harvesting practices in southwestern Greenland and northeastern Canada were unsustainable, timed with the advent of widespread use of shotguns and outboard motors for hunting across the North. Our historical population reconstructions, corroborated with two independent proxies (sterols and stable nitrogen isotopes), reaffirms that hunting restrictions were necessary to prevent the collapse of this subspecies.

Multicentury perspective assessing the sustainability of the historical harvest of seaducks