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High-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) is exploited to study indoor airturbulence and its effect on the dispersion of respiratory virus-laden aerosolsand subsequent transmission risks. The methodology is applied to assess twodissimilar approaches to reduce transmission risks: a strategy to augment theindoor ventilation capacity with portable air purifiers and a strategy toutilize partitioning by exploiting portable space dividers. To substantiate thephysical relevance of the LES model, a set of experimental aerosolconcentration measurements are carried out, and their results are used forvalidating the LES model results. The obtained LES dispersion results aresubjected to pathogen exposure and infection probability analysis. Wells-Rileyprobability model is extended to rely on realistic time- and space-dependentconcentration fields to yield time- and space-dependent infection probabilityfields. The use of air purifiers leads to greater reduction in absolute riskscompared to the analytical Wells-Riley model, which fails to predict theoriginal risk level. However, the two models do agree on the relative riskreduction. The spatial partitioning strategy is demonstrated to have anundesirable effect when employed without other measures. The partitioningapproach may yield positive results when employed together with targeted airpurifier units. The LES-based results are examined in juxtaposition with theclassical Wells-Riley model, which is shown to significantly underestimate theinfection probability, highlighting the importance of employing accurate indoorturbulence modeling when evaluating different risk-reduction strategies.

physics of fluids

High-resolution large-eddy simulation of indoor turbulence and its  effect on airborne transmission of respiratory pathogens; model validation  and infection probability analysis