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Flaring and warping of the disk of the Milky Way have been inferred fromobservations of atomic hydrogen, but stars associated with flaring have nothitherto been reported. In the area beyond the Galactic centre the stars arelargely hidden from view by dust, and the kinematic distances of the gas cannotbe estimated. Thirty-two possible Cepheid stars (young pulsating variablestars) in the direction of the Galactic bulge were recently identified. Withtheir well-calibrated period-luminosity relationships, Cepheid stars are usefuldistance indicators. When observations of these stars are made in two colours,so that their distance and reddening can be determined simultaneously, theproblems of dust obscuration are minimized. Here we report that five of thecandidates are classical Cepheid stars. These five stars are distributed fromapproximately one to two kiloparsecs above and below the plane of the Galaxy,at radial distances of about 13 to 22 kiloparsecs from the centre. The presenceof these relatively young (less than 130 million years old) stars so far fromthe Galactic plane is puzzling, unless they are in the flared outer disk. Ifso, they may be associated with the outer molecular arm.

Cepheid Variables in the Flared Outer Disk of our Galaxy