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Out of several dozen z > 7 candidate galaxies observed spectroscopically,only five have been confirmed via Lyman-alpha emission, at z=7.008, 7.045,7.109, 7.213 and 7.215. The small fraction of confirmed galaxies may indicatethat the neutral fraction in the intergalactic medium (IGM) rises quickly at z> 6.5, as Lyman-alpha is resonantly scattered by neutral gas. However, thesmall samples and limited depth of previous observations makes theseconclusions tentative. Here we report the results of a deep near-infraredspectroscopic survey of 43 z > 6.5 galaxies. We detect only a single galaxy,confirming that some process is making Lyman-alpha difficult to detect. Thedetected emission line at 1.0343 um is likely to be Lyman-alpha emission,placing this galaxy at a redshift z = 7.51, an epoch 700 million years afterthe Big Bang. This galaxy's colors are consistent with significant metalcontent, implying that galaxies become enriched rapidly. We measure asurprisingly high star formation rate of 330 Msol/yr, more than a factor of 100greater than seen in the Milky Way. Such a galaxy is unexpected in a survey ofour size, suggesting that the early universe may harbor more intense sites ofstar-formation than expected.

A Rapidly Star-forming Galaxy 700 Million Years After the Big Bang at z=7.51