English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Cancer immunosurveillance failure is largely attributed to the insufficient activation of tumor‐specific class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule (MHC‐I)‐restricted CD8 +  cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). DEC‐205 +  dendritic cells (DCs), having the ability to cross‐present, can present captured tumor antigens on MHC‐I alongside costimulatory molecules, inducing the priming and activation of tumor‐specific CD8 +  CTLs. It has been suggested that reduced levels of costimulatory molecules on DCs may be a cause of impaired CTL induction and that some tumors may induce the downregulation of costimulatory molecules on tolerogenic DCs. To examine such possibilities, we established two distinct types of murine hepatoma cell lines, named Hepa1‐6‐1 and Hepa1‐6‐2 (derived from Hepa1‐6 cells), and confirmed that they display similar antigenicities, as well as identical surface expression of MHC‐I. We found that Hepa1‐6‐1 had the ability to grow continuously after subcutaneous implantation into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and did not prime CD8 +  CTLs. In contrast, Hepa1‐6‐2 cells, which display reduced levels of adhesion molecules, such as Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), failed to grow  in vivo  and efficiently primed CTLs. Moreover, Hepa1‐6‐1‐derived factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and α‐fetoprotein (AFP), converted CD11c high  MHC‐II high  DEC‐205 +  DC subsets into tolerogenic cells, displaying downregulated costimulatory molecules and having impaired cross‐presenting capacities. These immunosuppressive tolerogenic DCs appeared to inhibit the induction of tumor‐specific CD8 +  CTLs and suppress their cytotoxic functions within the tumor. Together, the findings presented here provide a new method of cancer immunotherapy using the selective suppression, depletion or alteration of immunosuppressive tolerogenic DCs within tumors.

Inactivation of tumor‐specific CD8 + CTLs by tumor‐infiltrating tolerogenic dendritic cells