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This paper presents a novel quantification of the fraction of broken waves ( Q   b  ) in natural surf zones using data from seven microtidal, wave‐dominated, sandy Australian beaches.  Q   b   is a critical, but rarely quantified, parameter for parametric surf zone energy dissipation models, which are commonly used as coastal management tools. Here,  Q   b   is quantified using a combination of remote sensing and in situ data. These data and machine learning techniques enable quantification of  Q   b   for a substantial data set (>330,000 waves). The results show that  Q   b   is a highly variable parameter with a high degree of interbeach and intrabeach variability. Such variability could be correlated to environmental parameters: tidal variations correlated with changes in  Q   b   of up to 70% for a given local water depth ( h ) on a low tide terrace beach, and increased infragravity relative to sea‐swell energy correlated to lower values of  Q   b   at the surf‐swash boundary.  Q   b   also correlates well with the Australian beach morphodynamic model: For more dissipative beaches  Q   b   increases rapidly in the outer surf zone, whereas for more reflective beaches  Q   b   increases slowly throughout the surf zone. Finally, when comparing data to existing models, three commonly used theoretical formulations for  Q   b   are observed to be poor predictors with errors of the order of 40%. Existing theoretical  Q   b   models are shown to improve (revised errors of the order of 10%) if the Rayleigh probability distribution that describes the wave height is in these models is replaced by the Weibull distribution.

The Fraction of Broken Waves in Natural Surf Zones