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The newly published spectra of protons and helium over time directly measuredin space by the AMS-02 experiment for the period 2011--2017 provide a uniqueopportunity to calibrate ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). Here, calibrationof several stable sealevel NMs (Inuvik, Apatity, Oulu, Newark, Moscow,Hermanus, Athens) was performed using these spectra. Four modern NM yieldfunctions were verified: Mi13 (Mishev et al., 2013), Ma16 (Mangeard et al.,2016), CM12 (Caballero-Lopez & Moraal, 2012) and CD00 (Clem & Dorman, 2000), onthe basis of the cosmic-ray spectra measured by AMS-02. The Mi13 yield functionwas found to realistically represent the NM response to galactic cosmic rays.CM12 yield function leads to a small skew in the solar cycle dependence of thescaling factor. In contrast, Ma16 and CD00 yield functions tend to overestimatethe NM sensitivity to low-rigidity (<10 GV) cosmic rays. This effect may beimportant for an analysis of ground level enhancements, leading to a potentialunderestimate of fluxes of solar energetic particles as based on NM data. TheMi13 yield function is recommended for quantitative analyses of NM data,especially for ground-level enhancements. The validity the force-fieldapproximation was studied, and it was found that it fits well the directlymeasured proton spectra, within a few % for periods of low to moderate activityand up to ~10% for active periods. The results of this work strengthen andvalidate the method of the cosmic-ray variability analysis based on the NM dataand yield-function formalism, and improves its accuracy.

Validation of the Neutron Monitor Yield Function Using Data From AMS‐02 Experiment, 2011–2017