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Glycerol can be dehydrated with methanol to produce methyl glyceryl ethers as biologicals and diesel fuel additives. Considering the high efficiency of mass transfer and product separation in the gas-solid catalytic process, a fixed-bed continuous-flow reactor was used to carry out the catalyst evaluation test of the process at 564 K. Compared with zirconium sulfate, lanthanum nitrate, and ammonium molybdate, phosphotungstic acid exhibits a higher target product selectivity. Through loading experiments, it was found that the optimal loading fraction of phosphotungstic acid on alumina is 10 wt %. After the alumina carrier is impregnated with nitric acid, the selectivity and yield of monomethyl glycerol ether can be effectively improved, and it has little effect on other products. A test of the addition amount of cerium nitrate as a promoter was carried out. It was shown in the test that when the addition amount of cerium nitrate is 10 wt %, the catalyst life increases from 2 to 3.5 h and the selectivity of dimethyl glycerol ether increases to 54.51%, which is twice the original. However, the selectivities of monomethyl glycerol ether and trimethyl glycerol ether decrease by one-half each. Through catalyst characterization, it was shown that carbon deposition on the catalyst surface is one of the reasons for catalyst deactivation.

Gas-Phase Catalytic Dehydration of Glycerol with Methanol to Methyl Glyceryl Ethers over Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on Alumina