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The metal-binding capabilities of the spiropyran family of molecular switches have been explored for several purposes from sensing to optical circuits. Metal-selective sensing has been of great interest for applications ranging from environmental assays to industrial quality control, but sensitive metal detection for field-based assays has been elusive. In this work, we demonstrate colorimetric copper sensing at low micromolar levels. Dimethylamine-functionalized spiropyran ( SP1 ) was synthesized and its metal-sensing properties were investigated using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The formation of a metal complex between SP1 and Cu 2+ was associated with a color change that can be observed by the naked eye as low as ≈6 μM and the limit of detection was found to be 0.11 μM via UV-vis spectrometry. Colorimetric data showed linearity of response in a physiologically relevant range (0-20 μM Cu 2+ ) with high selectivity for Cu 2+ ions over biologically and environmentally relevant metals such as Na + , K + , Mn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ . Since the color change accompanying SP1 -Cu 2+ complex formation could be detected at low micromolar concentrations, SP1 could be viable for field testing of trace Cu 2+ ions.

Highly Sensitive and Selective Spiropyran-Based Sensor for Copper(II) Quantification