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A new highly expanded polycarboxylate gel (EPCG) was accidentally formed in a facile cross-linking copolymerization system. When used as an adsorbent material, the EPCG could be quickly expanded 29.44 times in water to have a high permeability inside for realizing the efficient adsorption toward Cu(II) from water. The adsorption capacity of EPCG toward Cu(II) was 261.70 mg/g, which was higher than that of all the selected existing adsorbents reported in recent years. The adsorption rate of expanded EPCG was 3.61 times higher than that of the previous polyantionic gel. Similarly, due to the high expansion and high permeability of EPCG, the EPCG skeleton could be further coated with an alkaline NaOH, forming a novel NaOH-coated EPCG material, and its adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) was further improved to 333.21 mg/g compared to that of pure EPCG adsorbent. Moreover, the EPCG wastes after adsorbing Cu(II) could be fully desorbed to be regenerated for reuse. A total of 99.39% of the adsorbed Cu(II) was desorbed from EPCG wastes to be recovered. The adsorption capacity of regenerated EPCG reused for adsorbing Cu(II) was 259.05 mg/g, which was very near that of the original EPCG. In addition, a series of simulation experiments and instrumental analysis were adopted to confirm the new environmental response effects as the key factors in the purification of Cu(II)-containing wastewater, including "expansion-shrink," "alkali-coating," and "acid-desorption" responses.

A Highly Expanded Polycarboxylate Gel and New Environmental Response Effects for Efficiently Adsorbing and Recovering Cu(II) from Water