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Controlling magnon densities in magnetic materials enables driving spintransport in magnonic devices. We demonstrate the creation of large,out-of-equilibrium magnon densities in a thin-film magnetic insulator viamicrowave excitation of coherent spin waves and subsequent multi-magnonscattering. We image both the coherent spin waves and the resulting incoherentmagnon gas using scanning-probe magnetometry based on electron spins indiamond. We find that the gas extends unidirectionally over hundreds ofmicrometers from the excitation stripline. Surprisingly, the gas density farexceeds that expected for a boson system following a Bose-Einstein distributionwith a maximum value of the chemical potential. We characterize the momentumdistribution of the gas by measuring the nanoscale spatial decay of themagnetic stray fields. Our results show that driving coherent spin waves leadsto a strong out-of-equilibrium occupation of the spin-wave band, opening newpossibilities for controlling spin transport and magnetic dynamics in targetdirections.

Directional excitation of a high-density magnon gas using coherently driven spin waves