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U16 belongs to the family of box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) whose members participate in ribosome biogenesis, mainly acting as guides for site-specific methylation of the pre-rRNA. Like all the other members of the family, U16 is associated with a set of protein factors forming a ribonucleoprotein particle, localized in the nucleolus. So far, only a few box C/D-specific proteins are known: in Xenopus laevis, fibrillarin and p68 have been identified by UV crosslinking and shown to require the conserved boxes C and D for snoRNA interaction. In this study, we have identified an additional protein factor (p62), common to box C/D snoRNPs, that crosslinks to the internal stem region, distinct from the conserved box C/D "core motif," of U16 snoRNA. We show here that, although the absence of the core motif and, as a consequence, of fibrillarin and p68 binding prevents processing and accumulation of the snoRNA, the lack of the internal stem does not interfere with the efficient release of U16 from its host intron and only slightly affects snoRNA stability. Because this region is likely to be the binding site for p62, we propose that this protein plays an accessory role in the formation of a mature and stable U16 snoRNP particle.

p62, a novel Xenopus laevis component of box C/D snoRNPs