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Dieback and wilting symptoms caused by complex soilborne fungi are nowadays the most serious threatening disease affecting olive trees ( Olea europaea ) in Tunisia and presumably in many Mediterranean basin countries . Fusarium  is one of the important phytopathogenic genera associated with dieback symptoms of olive trees. The objective of the present study was to confirm the pathogenicity of  Fusarium  spp. isolated from several olive-growing areas in Tunisia. According to the pathogenic test done on young olive trees (cv. Chemlali), 23 out of 104 isolates of  Fusarium  spp. were found to be pathogenic and the others were weakly or not pathogenic. The pathogenic  Fusarium  spp. isolates were characterized using molecular methods based on ITS PCR. Isolation results revealed the predominance of  Fusarium solani  (56.5%) and  F. oxysporum  species (21.7%) compared to  F. chalmydosporum  (8.7%),  F. brachygibbosum  (8.7%) and  F. acuminatum  (4.34%). Based on pathogenicity test, disease severity was highly variable among the 23 pathogenic isolates tested ( P  &lt; 0.05) where  F. solani  was the most aggressive dieback agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that shows that  Fusarium  spp. might be a major agent causing dieback disease of olive trees in Tunisia.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated with olive trees dieback in Tunisia