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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants Based on 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio)butanoic Acid: 2. Non‐ionic Surfactants
Author(s) -
Yu Guangzhe,
Shahrashoob Zahra,
Long Scott,
Liu Yanjun,
Silva Ariklenio Alves,
Grady Brian P.,
Harwell Jeff,
Arhancet Graciela
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1007/s11743-016-1915-7
Subject(s) - chemistry , pulmonary surfactant , alkyl , critical micelle concentration , surface tension , sulfoxide , micelle , adsorption , organic chemistry , thermodynamics of micellization , bromide , solubility , amine gas treating , phenol , aqueous solution , biochemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
This manuscript describes the study of a novel sulfoxide‐based surfactant class, namely the partially oxidized 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butyrate esters. The acid group was reacted with a primary alkyl alcohol or alkyl amine to form esters or amides, respectively, and the sulfide was partially oxidized to the sulfoxide. These sulfoxide surfactants behave as non‐ionic surfactants in response to electrolytes, and have very good water solubility with high cloud temperatures. Surface tensions at the critical micelle concentration as low as 30 mN/m were measured. These surfactants were synergistic with anionic surfactants in the mixed micelle and adsorbed surface monolayer. They exhibited fast surface tension decay, good wetting and foaming performance, and performed equally well as a nonyl‐phenol ethoxylate surfactant in an enzyme‐containing laundry formulation.