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12 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 tablas.It is well known that microbial-mediated\udsoil respiration, the major source of CO2 from\udterrestrial ecosystems, is sensitive to temperature.\udHere, we hypothesize that some mechanisms, such as\udacclimation of microbial respiration to temperature\udand/or regulation by plant fresh C inputs of the\udtemperature sensitivity of decomposition of soil\udorganic matter (SOM), should be taken into account\udto predict soil respiration correctly. Specically, two\udhypotheses were tested: (1) under warm conditions,\udtemperature sensitivity (Q10\ud) and basal rates of\udmicrobial-mediated soil respiration (Bs20,\udrespiration\udat a given temperature) would be primarily subjected\udto presence/absence of plant fresh C inputs; and\ud(2) under cold conditions, where labile C depletion\udoccurred more slowly, microbial-mediated soil respiration could adjust its optimal temperatures to colder\udtemperatures (acclimation), resulting in a net increase\udof respiration rates for a given temperature (Bs20). For\udthis purpose, intact soil cores from an oak savanna\udecosystem were incubated with sufcient water supply at two contrasting temperatures (10 and 30 C)\udduring 140 days. To study temperature sensitivity of\udsoil respiration, short-term temperature cycles (from 5\udto 40 C at 8 h steps) were applied periodically to the\udsoils. Our results conrmed both hypotheses. Under\udwarm conditions ANCOVA and likelihood ratio tests\udconrmed that both Q10\udand Bs20\uddecreased signi-\udcantly during the incubation. Further addition of\udglucose at the end of the incubation period increased\udBs20\udand Q10\udto initial values. The observed decrease\udin temperature sensitivity (Q10) in absence of labile C\uddisagrees with the broadly accepted fact that temperature sensitivity of the process increases as quality of\udthe substrate decreases. Our experiment also shows\udthat after 2 months of incubation cold-incubated soils\uddoubled the rates of respiration at cold temperatures\udcausing a strong increase in basal respiration rates\ud(Bs20). This suggest that microbial community may\udhave up-regulated their metabolism at cold conditions\ud(cold-acclimation), which also disagrees with most\udobservations to date. The manuscript discusses those\udtwo apparent contradictions: the decrease in temperature sensitivity in absence of labile C and the\udincrease in microbial-mediated soil respiration rates\udat cold temperatures. While this is only a case study,\udthe trends observed could open the controversy over\udthe validity of current soil respiration models.This research was supported by the Kearney\udSoil Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy’s\udTerrestrial Carbon Program, grant No. DE-FG03-00ER63013.\udThese sites are members of the AmeriFlux and Fluxnet networks.\udJ Curiel Yuste received a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship\ud(EIF) from de European Union for project MICROCARB (FP6-\ud2005-Mobility-5 # 041409-MICROCARB) while conducting\udthis research.Peer reviewe

Plant-soil interactions and acclimation to temperature of microbial-mediated soil respiration may affect predictions of soil CO2 efflux