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The malaria parasite  Plasmodium spp.  varies the expression profile of its genes depending on the host it resides in and its developmental stage. Virtually all messenger  RNA  ( mRNA ) is expressed in a monocistronic manner, with transcriptional activation regulated at the epigenetic level and by specialized transcription factors. Furthermore, recent systems‐wide studies have identified distinct mechanisms of post‐transcriptional and translational control at various points of the parasite lifecycle. Taken together, it is evident that ‘just‐in‐time’ transcription and translation strategies coexist and coordinate protein expression during  Plasmodium  development, some of which we review here. In particular, we discuss global and specific mechanisms that control protein translation in blood stages of the human malaria parasite  Plasmodium falciparum , once a cytoplasmic  mRNA  has been generated, and its crosstalk with  mRNA  decay and storage. We also focus on the widespread translational delay observed during the 48‐hour blood stage lifecycle of  P. falciparum —for over 30% of transcribed genes, including virulence factors required to invade erythrocytes—and its regulation by  cis ‐elements in the  mRNA ,  RNA ‐processing enzymes and  RNA ‐binding proteins; the first‐characterized amongst these are the  DNA ‐ and  RNA ‐binding Alba proteins. More generally, we conclude that translational regulation is an emerging research field in malaria parasites and propose that its elucidation will not only shed light on the complex developmental program of this parasite, but may also reveal mechanisms contributing to drug resistance and define new targets for malaria intervention strategies.  WIREs RNA  2016, 7:772–792. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1365  This article is categorized under:  Translation > Translation Regulation

Translational regulation in blood stages of the malaria parasite Plasmodium spp. : systems‐wide studies pave the way