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Background: Equine hepacivirus (Eq HV ) in equids represents the closest homologue to hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) infecting humans. A majority of  HCV  infected patients develop a chronic course of infection leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, in horses mostly transient mild subclinical infections are reported for Eq HV  to date. Objectives: Eq HV  can be involved in chronic liver diseases of horses. Methods: Biochemical parameters in serum samples were measured. Viral load was determined using  qPCR . Next generation sequencing ( NGS ) of serum was performed. Liver tissue was stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed for viral  RNA  with fluorescent  in situ ‐hybridization. Results: The horse showed symptoms of severe hepatopathy and was chronically infected with Eq HV . Viral  RNA  was detectable in the liver during disease. To rule out other infectious agents  NGS  was performed and showed the highest abundance for Eq HV . The identified virus sequence was similar to other circulating equine hepaciviruses. Conclusions: Eq HV  can be associated with liver disease in horses. Whether it causes the disease or contributes in a multifactorial manner needs further investigation.

Chronic equine hepacivirus infection in an adult gelding with severe hepatopathy