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Human embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit a shorter G 1  cell cycle phase than most somatic cells. Here, we examine the role of an abundant, human ES cell‐enriched microRNA, miR‐92b, in cell cycle distribution. Inhibition of miR‐92b in human ES cells results in a greater number of cells in the G 1  phase and a lower number in the S phase. Conversely, overexpression of miR‐92b in differentiated cells results in a decreased number of cells in G1 phase and an increased number in S‐phase.  p57 , a gene whose product inhibits G 1  to S‐phase progression, is one of the predicted targets of miR‐92b. Inhibition of miR‐92b in human ES cells increases p57 protein levels, and miR‐92b overexpression in differentiated cells decreases p57 protein levels. Furthermore, miR‐92b inhibits a luciferase reporter construct that includes part of the 3′ untranslated region of the  p57  gene containing the predicted target of the miR‐92b seed sequence. Thus, we show that the miRNA miR‐92b directly downregulates protein levels of the G 1 /S checkpoint gene  p57 . STEM CELLS 2009;27:1524–1528

MicroRNA 92b Controls the G1/S Checkpoint Gene p57 in Human Embryonic Stem Cells