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Over the past decade the human‐immunodeficient mouse chimera has become a well‐established in vivo model for studying the human immune system and/or hemopoiesis. Under certain experimental conditions and depending on the composition of the human cell graft, the recipient mice may develop a fatal disease, designated as discordant xenogenic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD), which differs in target tissues and histopathology from allogenic GVHD. Experimental evidence is presented that immunodeficient mice are equally susceptible to allogenic GVHD as normal immunocompetent mice.  Whole human cord blood and distinct cellular subpopulations from a single cord blood harvest were transplanted in NOD/severe combined immunodeficient mice and the repopulation of human cells was monitored over time.  Depending on the ratio of lymphocytes to hemopoietic stem cells, proliferation of human T cells, hemopoiesis or a combination of the two is observed in widely varying proportions. When the graft contains a preponderance of lymphocytes, fatal protracted discordant xenogenic GVHD develops. Mice receiving purified CD34 cells survived up to 207 days in good health with more than 95% human cells in the bone marrow. In those mice all lineages (B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes and thrombocytes) were demonstrated in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.

T lymphocytes determine the development of xeno gvhd and of human hemopoiesis in nod/scid mice following human umbilical cord blood transplantation