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Nanog is involved in controlling pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells in vitro. However, its function in vivo has been studied only in mouse embryos and various reports suggest that  Nanog  may not be required for the regulation of differentiation. To better understand endogenous  Nanog  function, more animal models should be introduced to complement the murine model. Here, we have identified the homolog of the mammalian  Nanog  gene in teleost fish and describe the endogenous expression of  Ol‐Nanog  mRNA and protein during medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) embryonic development and in the adult gonads. Using medaka fish as a vertebrate model to study Nanog function, we demonstrate that  Ol‐Nanog  is necessary for S‐phase transition and proliferation in the developing embryo. Moreover, inhibition or overexpression of  Ol‐Nanog  does not affect gene expression of various pluripotency and differentiation markers, suggesting that this transcription factor may not play a direct role in embryonic germ layer differentiation. STEM CELLS 2009;27:2081–2091

Nanog Regulates Proliferation During Early Fish Development