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Essentials    Galectin‐3, an inflammatory biomarker, is involved in murine thrombogenesis.  Galectin‐3–binding protein is up ‐ regulated in microparticles from deep venous thrombosis patients compared to control patients.  In this prospective epidemiological study, participants with plasma galectin‐3 concentrations in the highest quintile had a greater risk of incident venous thromboembolism than did those in the lowest quintile.  The association of galectin‐3 and VTE was not replicated in a second prospective study, but the meta‐analyzed hazard ratio still indicated a positive association.  Galectin‐3 is associated positively with risk of venous thromboembolism.Background  The inflammatory biomarker galectin‐3 contributes to pathologic conditions such as heart failure and stimulates murine thrombogenesis. Its association with venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) has been sparsely studied.    Objectives  To assess the prospective association of plasma galectin‐3 and the  LGALS 3 rs4644  SNP  with  VTE  incidence.    Methods  We measured plasma galectin‐3 in 9916 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities ( ARIC ) study cohort in 1996‐1998 and identified  VTE s through 2013. Using Cox regression, we estimated the hazard ratio associating galectin‐3 with incident  VTE  over a median of 13.9 years. Replication was sought in the Cardiovascular Health Study ( CHS ).    Results   ARIC  included 21.8% blacks and 56.2% females with mean baseline age of 62.7 years. The incidence rate of  VTE  (n=389 events) increased across quintiles of galectin‐3, with hazard ratios (95%  CI ) of 1 (reference), 1.13 (0.80‐1.61), 1.00 (0.70‐1.43), 1.36 (0.96‐1.91), and 1.55 (1.09‐2.19) ( P ‐trend=.005), adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, diabetes status, and renal function. Results did not replicate in the  CHS  (124  VTE ), but meta‐analysis of both studies yielded a pooled hazard ratio (95%  CI ) for 1  SD  increment in log galectin‐3 of 1.10 (1.00‐1.22). In  ARIC , the C allele of rs4644 in the  LGALS 3 gene was associated with higher galectin‐3 level, and in whites, with an increased rate of  VTE .    Conclusion  Galectin‐3 levels were associated positively with  VTE  incidence.

Galectin‐3 and venous thromboembolism incidence: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities ( ARIC ) Study