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Purpose  High‐mobility group N ( HMGN ) proteins are the only non‐histone proteins that specifically bind within the nucleosome between core histones and  DNA . Among them,  HMGN 5 is one of the candidates that could participate in mouse endometrial decidualization; however, the specific role of  HMGN 5 remains to be clarified in human endometrial stromal cells ( HESC s).    Methods  Primary  HESC s were isolated from hysterectomy specimens and incubated with or without 8‐bromo‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8‐br‐ cAMP ) and medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA ).    Results  We demonstrated that  HMGN 5 expression in decidualized  HESC s stimulated by 8‐br‐ cAMP  and  MPA  decreased significantly. The inhibition of  HMGN 5 expression by small interfering  RNA  (si RNA ) induced the major decidual marker genes expression, including   IGFBP 1  (insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1) and   PRL   (prolactin). In addition, micro RNA ‐542‐3p (miR‐542‐3p), which was identified as a regulatory mi RNA  of   IGFBP 1  during decidualization, was significantly suppressed by  HMGN 5 si RNA . However, the expression of  HMGN 5 was not alternated by miR‐542‐3p overexpression.    Conclusions  These findings suggest that the down‐regulation of  HMGN 5 plays a role in the promotion of human endometrial stromal decidualization and acts upstream of miR‐542‐3p.

Loss of high‐mobility group N5 contributes to the promotion of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization