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Purpose  To determine whether the cycle regimens that are used for endometrial preparation are associated with the birthweight ( BW ) after assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) using frozen‐thawed embryo transfer ( FET ).    Methods  The  BW  of singletons who were born by  ART  using  FET  was compared retrospectively, according to whether a  FET  was conducted in a hormone replacement therapy cycle ( HRT , n   = 403) or an ovulatory cycle ( OVL , n = 117). The  BW  after timed intercourse ( NAT , n = 162) also was investigated.    Results  There were no significant differences in the age of the mothers, percentage of primiparas, gestational periods, Body Mass Index, and sex ratio between the  HRT  and  OVL  cycles. The average  BW  from  HRT  was significantly greater than that of  OVL . The  BW  from  HRT  was also greater, compared with  NAT , while statistical significance was not achieved between  OVL  and  NAT . The putative factors affecting the  BW , such as ovarian stimulation protocols, endometrial thickness, and the stage and quality of embryos, could not explain the difference in the  BW  between the  HRT  and  OVL  cycles.    Conclusion  An increased  BW  from  ART  using  FET  seems to be ascribable to conditions of the endometrium, but not cryopreservation procedures per se, which might provide a mechanistic framework for understanding heavier neonates who are born by  FET .

reproductive medicine and biology

Identifying a possible factor for the increased newborn size in singleton pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology using cryopreserved embryos, in comparison with fresh embryos