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Background  Reproductive research is quintessential in understanding not only the cause of infertility, but also for creating family planning tools. The knockout ( KO ) system approach is conducive to discovering genes that are essential for fertility in mice. However, in vivo research has been limited due to its high cost and length of time needed to establish  KO  mice.    Methods  The mechanisms behind the  CRISPR /Cas9 system and its application in investigating male fertility in mice are described by using original and review articles.    Results  The  CRISPR /CAS9 SYSTEM has enabled researchers to rapidly, efficiently, and inexpensively produce genetically modified mice to study male fertility. Several genes have been highlighted that were found to be indispensable for male fertility by using the  CRISPR /Cas9 system, as well as more complicated gene manipulation techniques, such as point mutations, tag insertions, and double knockouts, which have become easier with this new technology.    Conclusion  In order to increase efficiency and usage, new methods of  CRISPR /Cas9 integration are being developed, such as electroporation and applying the system to embryonic stem cells. The hidden mysteries of male fertility will be unraveled with the help of this new technology.

Revolutionizing male fertility factor research in mice by using the genome editing tool CRISPR /Cas9