Highly‐efficient superstrate Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 solar cell fabricated low‐cost methods

A recent accomplishment in the preparation of a highly efficient thin film solar cell is reported. This superstrate cell is composed of FTO/TiO 2 /In 2 S 3 /Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 /graphite. A maximum conversion efficiency of 3.5% has been achieved for the first time using this configuration and materials. The device includes low cost methods and non‐toxic components. Details of the experimental procedures are provided and the device characterization data are presented and analyzed. Left: Current–voltage response of the best cell FTO/TiO 2 /In 2 S 3 /Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 /graphite in the dark (dotted line) and under simulated solar irradiation (solid line). Right: Cross‐sectional view of the cell. Inset: Profilometric scan of the device.