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BACKGROUND  Phytosanitary irradiation is used to control insect pests of quarantine concern on exported fresh horticultural products. Generic irradiation doses of 150 and 400 Gy are approved for tephritid fruit flies and all other insects, respectively. Other invertebrates such as gastropods (snails and slugs) may be classified as quarantine pests and require a disinfestation treatment.  Parmarion martensi  Simroth (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae) is a semi‐slug quarantine pest sometimes found on fresh sweet potatoes and other fruits and vegetables exported from Hawai'i to the continental USA. Also,  P. martensi  is a host of the parasitic nematode  Angiostrongylus cantonensis  (Rhabditida: Angiostrongylidae), the causative agent of neuroangiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease in humans. We conducted a study to determine if phytosanitary irradiation could control  P. martensi  and thereby reduce the risk of transmitting  A. cantonensis  in the USA.    RESULTS  Two‐, 12‐, and 21‐week‐old  P. martensi  were treated with X‐ray radiation at a dose of 150 or 400 Gy or left untreated as controls then held in the laboratory for up to 250 days. Survivorship and reproduction were recorded every 2–3 days and individual weights were measured biweekly. Irradiation at 150 and 400 Gy reduced growth and increased the mortality rate compared to untreated controls and prevented reproduction.    CONCLUSION  Phytosanitary irradiation treatment at doses ≥150 Gy will prevent the establishment of viable populations of  P. martensi . The literature on radiation tolerance in gastropods suggests that the internationally approved generic dose for tephritid fruit flies of 150 Gy may be effective against many slug and snail pest species.

pest management science

Phytosanitary irradiation using X‐rays prevents reproduction in the semi‐slug  Parmarion martensi  (Stylommatophora: Ariophantidae), a host of the human pathogenic nematode  Angiostrongylus cantonensis  (Rhabditida: Angiostrongylidae)