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BACKGROUND   Aedes albopictus  is a highly invasive mosquito and has become a potential vector of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide‐based mosquito interventions are the main tools for vector‐borne disease control. However, mosquito resistance to insecticides is a major threat to effective prevention and control. Five  Ae. albopictus  populations across Hainan Province, China were investigated for susceptibility to multiple insecticide and resistance mechanisms.    RESULTS  Larval bioassays indicated that resistance to pyrethroids was common in all larval populations. Adult bioassays revealed all populations were either resistant or highly resistant to at least four of the six synthetic insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, propoxur, malathion, and DDT) tested. Pre‐exposure of mosquitoes to the synergistic agent piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased mosquito mortality by 2.4–43.3% in bioassays to DDT, malathion, and permethrin and rendered mosquito sensitive to deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, and propoxur. The frequency of knockdown resistance ( kdr ) mutations (F1534S and F1534C) ranged from 69.8% to 89.3% and from 38.1% to 87.0% in field‐resistant and sensitive populations, respectively. F1534S mutation was significantly associated with pyrethroid resistance. No mutation was detected in the acetylcholinesterase ( ace‐1 ) gene in the two examined populations.    CONCLUSION  This study provides evidence of widespread resistance to multiple insecticides in  Ae. albopictus  in Hainan Province, China. Both  kdr  mutations and metabolic detoxification were potential causes of insecticide resistance for  Ae. albopictus . Our findings highlight the need for insecticide resistance management and mosquito control measures that do not entirely depend on synthetic insecticides. © 2020 The Authors.  Pest Management Science  published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Widespread multiple insecticide resistance in the major dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Hainan Province, China