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BACKGROUND  Glyphosate‐resistant goosegrass has recently evolved and is homozygous for the double mutant of EPSPS (T 102 I, P 106 S or TIPS). These same mutations combined with EPSPS overexpression, have been used to create transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops.   Arabidopsis thaliana   (Wt EPSPS  K  i  ∼ 0.5 μM) was engineered to express a variant  At EPSPS‐T 102 I, P 106 A (TIPA  K  i  = 150 μM) to determine the resistance magnitude for a more potent variant EPSPS that might evolve in weeds.    RESULTS  Transgenic   A. thaliana   plants, homozygous for one, two or four copies of  At EPSPS‐TIPA, had resistance (IC 50  values, R/S) as measured by seed production ranging from 4.3‐ to 16‐fold. Plants treated in reproductive stage were male sterile with a range of R/S from 10.1‐ to 40.6‐fold. A significant hormesis (∼ 63% gain in fresh weight) was observed for all genotypes when treated at the initiation of reproductive stage with 0.013 kg ha –1 .  At EPSPS‐TIPA enzyme activity was proportional to copy number and correlated with resistance magnitude.    CONCLUSIONS    A. thaliana  , as a model weed expressing one copy of  At EPSPS‐TIPA (300‐fold more resistant), had only 4.3‐fold resistance to glyphosate for seed production. Resistance behaved as a single dominant allele. Vegetative tissue resistance was 4.7‐fold greater than reproductive tissue resistance and was linear with gene copy number. © 2017 The Authors.  Pest Management Science  published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Evaluation of glyphosate resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing an altered target site EPSPS