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BACKGROUND  Metrafenone has been used in Europe in integrated pest management programmes since 2006 to control powdery mildews, including  Erysiphe necator . Its exact mode of action is not known, but it is unique among fungicide classes used in powdery mildew management. Recently, resistance to metrafenone was reported in  Blumeria graminis  f. sp.  tritici . In this study we investigated metrafenone resistance in  Erysiphe necator  in northern Italy.    RESULTS  Metrafenone efficacy to control grapevine powdery mildew was monitored in three consecutive years in the field, and its reduced activity was observed in 2013. Out of 13 monoconidial isolates, two sensitive strains were identified, which did not grow at the fungicide concentration recommended for field application. The remaining strains showed variable response to metrafenone, and five of them grew and sporulated similarly to the control, even at 1250 mg L −1  of metrafenone. Moreover, the resistant strains showed cross‐resistance to pyriofenone, which belongs to the same  FRAC  group as metrafenone.    CONCLUSION  The results indicate the emergence of metrafenone resistance in an Italian population of  Erysiphe necator . Further studies are needed to gain insight into the metrafenone's mode of action and to understand the impact of resistance on changes in the pathogen population structure, fitness and spread of resistant strains, which will be indicative for designing appropriate antiresistance measures. © 2015 The Authors.  Pest Management Science  published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Metrafenone resistance in a population of Erysiphe necator in northern Italy