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Alcohol is a frequently used addictive substance worldwide. Aim of this study is to determine the frequency distribution of  SNP s within   ADH 1B ,   ADH 4 ,   ADH 1C ,   ALDH 2,  BDNF  ,   OPRM 1 , and   DRD 2  genes in a southeastern European Caucasian population from Greece. For this purpose samples of 1276 volunteers were analyzed after deidentification and anonymization. The allele distribution of the examined polymorphisms in the present Greek population cohort was as follows: rs1229984 (  ADH 1B ):  GG (wt) = 64.14%,  GA  = 29.86%,  AA  = 4.00%; rs1693482 (  ADH 1C ):  CC (wt) = 57.45%,  CT  = 36.76%,  TT  = 5.80%; rs1799971 (  OPRM 1 ):  AA (wt) = 72.43%,  AG  = 28.72%,  GG  = 1.89%; rs1800497 (  DRD 2 ):  CC (wt) = 70.84%,  CT  = 27.18%,  TT  = 1.98%; rs1800759 (  ADH 4 ):  CC (wt) = 34.25%,  CA  = 48.12%,  AA  = 17.63%; rs6265 (  BDNF  ):  GG (wt) = 65.99%,  GA  = 31.02%,  AA  = 2.99%; and rs671 (  ALDH 2 ):  GG (wt) = 99.84%  GA  = 0.16%,  AA  = 0.00%. Mutant rs1229984 allele A was ~6.5× more frequent in the Greek than in the European population. Mutant rs1693482 allele T was ~1.7× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population. Mutant alleles for polymorphisms rs1800759 and rs1799971 show similar frequencies in both northern and southern Europeans. One rs671 mutant A allele was detected in the Greek population (0.08%). The mutant rs1800497 allele T was ~1.2× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population and the mutant rs6265 allele A was ~1.1× more frequent in the European than in the Greek population. An alcohol addiction‐specific algorithm was generated ( TGS ) that may predict alcohol addiction prevalence in a population. According to our findings, the analyzed Southeastern population may differ genetically from north Europeans due to influences from neighboring Asian and African populations and a calculated  TGS  score >50 indicates individuals with low susceptibility to develop alcohol addiction.

pharmacology research and perspectives

Effect of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in   ADH 1B ,   ADH 4 ,   ADH 1C ,   OPRM 1 ,   DRD 2 ,   BDNF  , and   ALDH 2  genes on alcohol dependence in a Caucasian population