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Importance  Pectus excavatum ( PE ) is the most common thoracic wall deformity in children, we need a method which could be used to evaluate pulmonary functions and effects on development.    Objective  To evaluate the use of 3D T1‐weighted (3 DT 1) and  mDIXON  magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) sequences for measuring the thoracic parameters and morphology of children with  PE , comparing the measurements with those made on computed tomography ( CT ).    Methods  This is a retrospective study of children with thoracic deformities who were hospitalized at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Heart Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, between June 2014 and June 2015. Chest  CT  was performed first, with the  MRI  scanning then being performed 0–3 days later. The  mDIXON  sequences were obtained in inspiratory and expiratory phases and the 3 DT 1 sequences were obtained during free breathing. Thoracic volume was measured using the acquired images.    Results  The lung volumes measured on  mDIXON MRI  and  CT  were highly correlated, with the Haller index not being significantly different between the two methods. Bland‐Altman analyses showed that lung, cardiac, and retrosternal parameters were similar between the two methods. Pulmonary parameters were higher with the end‐inspiratory phase  mDIXON  images than with the end‐expiratory phase images, as expected, while cardiac parameters were unaffected by the respiratory phase.    Interpretation  Thoracic volumes measured on  mDIXON MRI  in combination with held respiration could reflect lung volume functions and help in observing the movement functions of the lungs and heart. The method could be used instead of  CT , avoiding subjecting the patient to potentially harmful radiation.

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography to measure preoperative parameters of children with pectus excavatum