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Towards the introduction of the ‘Immunoscore’ in the classification of malignant tumours
Author(s) -
Galon Jérôme,
Mlecnik Bernhard,
Bindea Gabriela,
Angell Helen K,
Berger Anne,
Lagorce Christine,
Lugli Alessandro,
Zlobec Inti,
Hartmann Arndt,
Bifulco Carlo,
Nagtegaal Iris D,
Palmqvist Richard,
Masucci Giuseppe V,
Botti Gerardo,
Tatangelo Fabiana,
Delrio Paolo,
Maio Michele,
Laghi Luigi,
Grizzi Fabio,
Asslaber Martin,
D'Arrigo Corrado,
VidalVanaclocha Fernando,
Zavadova Eva,
Chouchane Lotfi,
Ohashi Pamela S,
HafeziBakhtiari Sara,
Wouters Bradly G,
Roehrl Michael,
Nguyen Linh,
Kawakami Yutaka,
Hazama Shoichi,
Okuno Kiyotaka,
Ogino Shuji,
Gibbs Peter,
Waring Paul,
Sato Noriyuki,
Torigoe Toshihiko,
Itoh Kyogo,
Patel Prabhu S,
Shukla Shilin N,
Wang Yili,
Kopetz Scott,
Sinicrope Frank A,
Scripcariu Viorel,
Ascierto Paolo A,
Marincola Francesco M,
Fox Bernard A,
Pagès Franck
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
the journal of pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.964
H-Index - 184
eISSN - 1096-9896
pISSN - 0022-3417
DOI - 10.1002/path.4287
Subject(s) - medicine , oncology , colorectal cancer , cancer staging , cancer , stage (stratigraphy) , immune system , tnm staging system , neoplasm staging , immunology , biology , paleontology
The American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer ( AJCC / UICC ) TNM staging system provides the most reliable guidelines for the routine prognostication and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. This traditional tumour staging summarizes data on tumour burden (T), the presence of cancer cells in draining and regional lymph nodes (N) and evidence for distant metastases (M). However, it is now recognized that the clinical outcome can vary significantly among patients within the same stage. The current classification provides limited prognostic information and does not predict response to therapy. Multiple ways to classify cancer and to distinguish different subtypes of colorectal cancer have been proposed, including morphology, cell origin, molecular pathways, mutation status and gene expression‐based stratification. These parameters rely on tumour‐cell characteristics. Extensive literature has investigated the host immune response against cancer and demonstrated the prognostic impact of the in situ immune cell infiltrate in tumours. A methodology named ‘Immunoscore’ has been defined to quantify the in situ immune infiltrate. In colorectal cancer, the Immunoscore may add to the significance of the current AJCC / UICC TNM classification, since it has been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor superior to the AJCC / UICC TNM classification. An international consortium has been initiated to validate and promote the Immunoscore in routine clinical settings. The results of this international consortium may result in the implementation of the Immunoscore as a new component for the classification of cancer, designated TNM ‐I ( TNM ‐Immune). © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.